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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="Universal_Hex_Format" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Hex Format">Universal Hex Format</a>.</div>

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<p>The <b>universal binary</b> format is a format for <a href="Executable_file" class="mw-redirect" title="Executable file">executable files</a> that run natively either on both <a href="PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>-based and <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a>-based <a href="Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Macs</a> or on both <a href="Intel_64" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel 64">Intel 64</a>-based and <a href="AArch64" title="AArch64">ARM64</a>-based Macs. The format originated on <a href="NeXTStep" class="mw-redirect" title="NeXTStep">NeXTStep</a> as "<a href="Fat_binary#NeXTSTEP_Multi-Architecture_Binaries" title="Fat binary">Multi-Architecture Binaries</a>", and the concept is more generally known as a <i><a href="Fat_binary" title="Fat binary">fat binary</a></i>, as seen on <a href="Power_Macintosh" title="Power Macintosh">Power Macintosh</a>.

</p><p>With the release of <a href="Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">Mac OS X Snow Leopard</a>, and before that, since the move to <a href="Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard#64-bit_architecture" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">64-bit</a> architectures in general, some software publishers such as <a href="Mozilla" title="Mozilla">Mozilla</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have used the term "universal" to refer to a fat binary that includes builds for both i386 (32-bit Intel) and x86_64 systems. The same mechanism that is used to select between the PowerPC or Intel builds of an application is also used to select between the 32-bit or 64-bit builds of either PowerPC or Intel architectures.

</p><p>Apple, however, continued to require native compatibility with both PowerPC and Intel in order to grant third-party software publishers permission to use Apple's trademarks related to universal binaries.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apple does not specify whether or not such third-party software publishers must (or should) bundle separate builds for all architectures.

</p><p>Universal binaries were introduced into Mac OS at the 2005 <a href="Apple_Worldwide_Developers_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Worldwide Developers Conference">Apple Worldwide Developers Conference</a> as a means to ease the transition from the existing PowerPC architecture to systems based on Intel processors, which began shipping in 2006. Universal binaries typically include both PowerPC and <a href="X86_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="X86 architecture">x86</a> versions of a compiled application. The <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> detects a universal binary by its header, and executes the appropriate section for the architecture in use. This allows the application to run natively on any supported architecture, with no negative performance impact beyond an increase in the storage space taken up by the larger binary.

</p><p>Starting with Mac OS X Snow Leopard, only Intel-based Macs are supported, so software that specifically depends upon capabilities present only in Mac OS X 10.6 or newer will only run on Intel-based Macs and therefore does not require Intel/PPC fat binaries. Additionally, starting with <a href="Mac_OS_X_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mac OS X Lion">OS X Lion</a>, only 64-bit Intel Macs are supported, so software that specifically depends on new features in OS X 10.7 or newer will only run on 64-bit processors and therefore does not require 32-bit/64-bit fat binaries.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fat binaries would only be necessary for software that is designed to have <a href="Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">backward compatibility</a> with older versions of <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a> running on older hardware.

</p><p>The new <b>Universal 2</b> binary format was introduced at the 2020 Worldwide Developers Conference.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Universal 2 allows applications to run on both <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> <a href="X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>-based and <a href="AArch64" title="AArch64">ARM64</a>-based <a href="Apple_Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Macintosh">Macintosh</a> computers, to enable the <a href="Mac_transition_to_Apple_silicon" title="Mac transition to Apple silicon">transition to Apple silicon</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motivation">Motivation</h2></div>

<p>There are two general alternative solutions. The first is to simply provide two separate binaries, one compiled for the x86 architecture and one for the PowerPC architecture. However, this can be confusing to software users unfamiliar with the difference between the two, although the confusion can be remedied through improved documentation, or the use of <a href="Hybrid_CD" class="mw-redirect" title="Hybrid CD">hybrid CDs</a>. The other alternative is to rely on <a href="Emulator" title="Emulator">emulation</a> of one architecture by a system running the other architecture. This approach results in lower performance, and is generally regarded an interim solution to be used only until universal binaries or specifically compiled binaries are available as with <a href="Rosetta_(software)" title="Rosetta (software)">Rosetta</a>.

</p><p>Universal binaries are larger than single-platform binaries, because multiple copies of the compiled code must be stored. However, because some non-executable resources are shared by the two architectures, the size of the resulting universal binary can be, and usually is, smaller than the combined sizes of two individual binaries. They also do not require extra <a href="Random_access_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Random access memory">RAM</a> because only one of those two copies is loaded for execution.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The concept of a universal binary originated with "<a href="Fat_binary#NeXTSTEP_Multi-Architecture_Binaries" title="Fat binary">Multi-Architecture Binaries</a>" in <a href="NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a>, the main architectural foundation of <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a>. NeXTSTEP supports universal binaries so that one executable image can run on multiple architectures, including <a href="Motorola" title="Motorola">Motorola</a>'s <a href="M68k" class="mw-redirect" title="M68k">m68k</a>, <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a>, <a href="Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a>'s <a href="SPARC" title="SPARC">SPARC</a>, and <a href="Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>'s <a href="PA-RISC" title="PA-RISC">PA-RISC</a>. NeXTSTEP and macOS use <a href="Mach-O" title="Mach-O">Mach-O</a> archive as the binary format underlying the universal binary.

</p><p>Apple previously used a similar technique during the transition from <a href="68k" class="mw-redirect" title="68k">68k</a> processors to PowerPC in the mid-1990s. These dual-platform executables are called <a href="Fat_binary" title="Fat binary">fat binaries</a>, referring to their larger file size.

</p><p>Apple's <a href="Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a> 2.1 supports the creation of these files, a new feature in that release. A simple application developed with <a href="Porting" title="Porting">processor-independence</a> in mind might require very few changes to compile as a universal binary, but a complex application designed to take advantage of architecture-specific features might require substantial modification. Applications originally built using other development tools might require additional modification. These reasons have been given for the delay between the introduction of Intel-based Macintosh computers and the availability of third-party applications in universal binary format. Apple's delivery of Intel-based computers several months ahead of their previously announced schedule is another factor in this gap.

</p><p>Apple's <a href="Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a> 2.4 takes the concept of universal binaries even further, by allowing four-architecture binaries to be created (32- and 64-bit for both Intel and PowerPC), therefore allowing a single executable to take full advantage of the CPU capabilities of any <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">Mac OS X</a> machine.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universal_applications">Universal applications</h3></div>

<p>Many software developers have provided universal binary updates for their products since the 2005 WWDC. As of December 2008, Apple's website listed more than 7,500 Universal applications.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>On April 16, 2007, <a href="Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a> announced the release of <a href="Adobe_Creative_Suite" title="Adobe Creative Suite">Adobe Creative Suite 3</a>, the first version of the application suite in the Universal Binary format.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>From 2006 to 2010, many Mac OS X applications were ported to Universal Binary format, including <a href="QuarkXPress" title="QuarkXPress">QuarkXPress</a>, Apple's own <a href="Final_Cut_Studio" title="Final Cut Studio">Final Cut Studio</a>, <a href="Adobe_Creative_Suite" title="Adobe Creative Suite">Adobe Creative Suite</a>, <a href="Microsoft_Office_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Office 2008">Microsoft Office 2008</a>, and <a href="Shockwave_Player" class="mw-redirect" title="Shockwave Player">Shockwave Player</a> with version 11 - after that time most were made Intel-only apps. Non-Universal 32-bit PowerPC programs will run on Intel Macs running Mac OS X 10.4, 10.5, and 10.6 (in most cases), but with non-optimal performance, since they must be translated on-the-fly by <a href="Rosetta_(software)" title="Rosetta (software)">Rosetta</a>; they will not run on Mac OS X 10.7 Lion and later as Rosetta is no longer part of the OS.

</p>

<p>Apple has used the same binary format as Universal Binaries for <a href="IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a> applications by default on multiple occasions of architectural co-existence: around 2010 during the armv6-armv7-armv7s transition and around 2016 during the armv7-arm64 transition. The <a href="App_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="App Store">App Store</a> automatically thins the binaries. No trade names were derived for this practice, as it is only a concern of the developer.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universal_2">Universal 2</h3></div>

<table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="Mac_transition_to_Apple_silicon" title="Mac transition to Apple silicon">Mac transition to<br>Apple silicon</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Apple silicon</a> (<a href="Apple_silicon#M_series" title="Apple silicon">M series</a>)</li>

<li><a href="ARM_architecture_family" title="ARM architecture family">ARM architecture family</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_2_binary" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal 2 binary">Universal 2 binary</a></li>

<li><a href="Rosetta_2_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosetta 2 (software)">Rosetta 2</a></li>

<li><a href="Developer_Transition_Kit#Apple_silicon_Developer_Transition_Kit_(2020)" title="Developer Transition Kit">Developer Transition Kit</a></li></ul></td>

</tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>On June 22, 2020, Apple announced a two-year permanent transition from <a href="Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> <a href="X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>-based processors to <a href="AArch64" title="AArch64">ARM64</a>-based <a href="Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Apple silicon</a> beginning with <a href="MacOS_Big_Sur" title="MacOS Big Sur">macOS Big Sur</a> in late 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To aid in this transition, a new Universal 2 binary was introduced to enable applications to be run on either <a href="X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>-based processors or ARM64-based processors.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tools">Tools</h2></div>

<p>The main tool for handling (creating or splitting) universal binaries is the <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">lipo</code> command found in <a href="Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a>. The <a href="File_(command)" title="File (command)"><code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">file</code></a> command on macOS and several other <a href="Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems can identify Mach-O universal binaries and report architecture support.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">Snow Leopard</a>'s <a href="System_Profiler" class="mw-redirect" title="System Profiler">System Profiler</a> provides this information on the <i>Applications</i> tab.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Apple%E2%80%93Intel_architecture" title="Apple–Intel architecture">Apple–Intel architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_transition_to_Intel_processors" title="Mac transition to Intel processors">Mac transition to Intel processors</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_transition_to_Apple_silicon" title="Mac transition to Apple silicon">Mac transition to Apple silicon</a></li>

<li><a href="Fat_binary" title="Fat binary">Fat binary</a></li>

<li><a href="Rosetta_(software)" title="Rosetta (software)">Rosetta (software)</a></li>

<li><a href="Xslimmer" title="Xslimmer">Xslimmer</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joshaas.wordpress.com/2010/11/10/firefox-4-for-mac-os-x-under-the-hood/">"Firefox 4 for Mac OS X: Under the Hood"</a>. November 10, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.apple.com/softwarelicensing/agreements/pdf/universal_gdlns.pdf">"Mac OS X Universal Logo: Guidelines for Mac OS X Universal Logo Licenses"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Apple Inc. June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://support.apple.com/kb/ht4287">"Mac OS X: 64-bit kernel frequently asked questions"</a>. Apple Inc. October 4, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://everymac.com/mac-answers/os-x-lion-faq/os-x-lion-performance-compared-to-snow-leopard-32-bit-64-bit-efi.html">"Does Mac OS X 10.7 "Lion" run on Macs with a 32-bit EFI? How does the performance of Mac OS X 10.7 "Lion" compare to Mac OS X 10.6 "Snow Leopard" in "real-world" tests? @ EveryMac.com"</a>. <i>everymac.com</i>. Kyle Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAxon2020" class="citation web cs1">Axon, Samuel (June 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/06/this-is-apples-roadmap-for-moving-the-first-macs-away-from-intel/">"This is Apple's roadmap for moving the first Macs away from Intel"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guide.apple.com/universal/">"Macintosh Products Guide: Universal Applications"</a>. <a href="Apple_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Computer">Apple Computer</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 22,</span> 2008</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120708105901/http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200704/041607CS3Shipping.html">"Adobe Ships Creative Suite 3"</a>. <a href="Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a>. April 16, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/200704/041607CS3Shipping.html">the original</a> on July 8, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/40996682/ios-fat-binaries-and-thinning-out">"lipo - iOS fat binaries and thinning out"</a>. <i>Stack Overflow</i>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAmadeo2020" class="citation web cs1">Amadeo, Ron (June 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2020/06/apple-announces-macos-10-16-big-sur-with-entirely-new-interface/">"Apple announces macOS 11, "Big Sur," with an emphasis on design"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 23,</span> 2020</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFstany2005" class="citation web cs1">stany (September 6, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theconsultant.net/2005/09/macosx-operating-on-fat-files/">"Mac OS X: Trimming fat from Mach-O fat files"</a>. theconsultant.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li>Apple <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060314034806/http://developer.apple.com/transition/index.html">Developer Transition Resource Center</a></li>

<li>Apple <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050906001154/http://developer.apple.com/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/universal_binary/universal_binary.pdf">Universal Binary Programming Guidelines</a></li>

<li>Apple <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090120170136/http://developer.apple.com/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/universal_binary/universal_binary_intro/chapter_1_section_1.html">Universal Binary Introduction</a></li></ul>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="macOS408" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="macOS408" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="MacOS_version_history" title="MacOS version history">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Architecture_of_macOS" title="Architecture of macOS">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_built-in_macOS_apps" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Built-in apps</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="MacOS Server">Server</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Mac_software" title="List of Mac software">Software</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Versions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mac OS X</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Server_1.0" title="Mac OS X Server 1.0">Server 1.0</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Public_Beta" title="Mac OS X Public Beta">Public Beta</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_10.0" title="Mac OS X 10.0">10.0 Cheetah</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Jaguar" title="Mac OS X Jaguar">10.2 Jaguar</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Panther" title="Mac OS X Panther">10.3 Panther</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Tiger" title="Mac OS X Tiger">10.4 Tiger</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Leopard">10.5 Leopard</a></li>

<li><a href="Mac_OS_X_Snow_Leopard" title="Mac OS X Snow Leopard">10.6 Snow Leopard</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">OS X</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="OS_X_Mountain_Lion" title="OS X Mountain Lion">10.8 Mountain Lion</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Mavericks" title="OS X Mavericks">10.9 Mavericks</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_Yosemite" title="OS X Yosemite">10.10 Yosemite</a></li>

<li><a href="OS_X_El_Capitan" title="OS X El Capitan">10.11 El Capitan</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">macOS</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="MacOS_Sierra" title="MacOS Sierra">10.12 Sierra</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_High_Sierra" title="MacOS High Sierra">10.13 High Sierra</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Mojave" title="MacOS Mojave">10.14 Mojave</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Catalina" title="MacOS Catalina">10.15 Catalina</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Monterey" title="MacOS Monterey">12 Monterey</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Ventura" title="MacOS Ventura">13 Ventura</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Sonoma" title="MacOS Sonoma">14 Sonoma</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Sequoia" title="MacOS Sequoia">15 Sequoia</a></li>

<li><a href="MacOS_Tahoe" title="MacOS Tahoe">26 Tahoe</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></li>

<li><a href="NeXTSTEP" title="NeXTSTEP">NeXTSTEP</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhapsody_(operating_system)" title="Rhapsody (operating system)">Rhapsody</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Core<br>applications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mac_App_Store" title="Mac App Store">App Store</a></li>

<li><a href="Automator_(macOS)" title="Automator (macOS)">Automator</a></li>

<li><a href="Calculator_(Apple)" title="Calculator (Apple)">Calculator</a></li>

<li><a href="Calendar_(Apple)" title="Calendar (Apple)">Calendar</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Chess" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Chess</a></li>

<li><a href="Contacts_(Apple)" title="Contacts (Apple)">Contacts</a></li>

<li><a href="Control_Center_(Apple)" title="Control Center (Apple)">Control Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Dictionary_(software)" title="Dictionary (software)">Dictionary</a></li>

<li><a href="DVD_Player_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="DVD Player (macOS)">DVD Player</a></li>

<li><a href="FaceTime" title="FaceTime">FaceTime</a></li>

<li><a href="Finder_(software)" title="Finder (software)">Finder</a></li>

<li><a href="Game_Center" title="Game Center">Game Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Grapher" title="Grapher">Grapher</a></li>

<li><a href="Launchpad_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Launchpad (macOS)">Launchpad</a></li>

<li><a href="Messages_(Apple)" title="Messages (Apple)">Messages</a></li>

<li><a href="Music_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Music (software)">Music</a></li>

<li><a href="Notes_(Apple)" title="Notes (Apple)">Notes</a></li>

<li><a href="Notification_Center" title="Notification Center">Notification Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Podcasts" title="Apple Podcasts">Podcasts</a></li>

<li><a href="Photo_Booth" title="Photo Booth">Photo Booth</a></li>

<li><a href="Photos_(Apple)" title="Photos (Apple)">Photos</a></li>

<li><a href="Preview_(macOS)" title="Preview (macOS)">Preview</a></li>

<li><a href="QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime Player</a></li>

<li><a href="Reminders_(Apple)" title="Reminders (Apple)">Reminders</a></li>

<li><a href="Safari_(web_browser)" title="Safari (web browser)">Safari</a>

<ul><li><a href="Safari_version_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Safari version history">version history</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shortcuts_(app)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortcuts (app)">Shortcuts</a></li>

<li><a href="Stickies_(Apple)" title="Stickies (Apple)">Stickies</a></li>

<li><a href="TextEdit" title="TextEdit">TextEdit</a></li>

<li><a href="Time_Machine_(macOS)" title="Time Machine (macOS)">Time Machine</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Apple_Developer_Tools" title="Apple Developer Tools">Developer<br>Tools</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Xcode" title="Xcode">Xcode</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Instruments_(software)" title="Instruments (software)">Instruments</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Developer_Tools#FileMerge" title="Apple Developer Tools">FileMerge</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Interface_Builder" title="Interface Builder">Interface Builder</a></li>

<li><a href="Dashcode" title="Dashcode">Dashcode</a></li>

<li><a href="Quartz_Composer" title="Quartz Composer">Quartz Composer</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dashboard_(macOS)" title="Dashboard (macOS)">Dashboard</a></li>

<li><a href="Front_Row_(software)" title="Front Row (software)">Front Row</a></li>

<li><a href="IChat" title="IChat">iChat</a></li>

<li><a href="IPhoto" title="IPhoto">iPhoto</a></li>

<li><a href="ISync" title="ISync">iSync</a></li>

<li><a href="ITunes" title="ITunes">iTunes</a>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_iTunes" title="History of iTunes">history</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sherlock_(software)" title="Sherlock (software)">Sherlock</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Utilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Activity_Monitor_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Activity Monitor (macOS)">Activity Monitor</a></li>

<li><a href="AirPort_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="AirPort Utility">AirPort Utility</a></li>

<li><a href="Archive_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive Utility">Archive Utility</a></li>

<li><a href="Audio_MIDI_Setup" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio MIDI Setup">Audio MIDI Setup</a></li>

<li><a href="Bluetooth_File_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Bluetooth File Exchange">Bluetooth File Exchange</a></li>

<li><a href="ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Configurator" title="Apple Configurator">Configurator</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Console" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Console</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_built-in_macOS_apps#Crash_Reporter" title="List of built-in macOS apps">Crash Reporter</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_Color_Meter" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital Color Meter">Digital Color Meter</a></li>

<li><a href="Directory_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Directory Utility">Directory Utility</a></li>

<li><a href="DiskImageMounter" class="mw-redirect" title="DiskImageMounter">DiskImageMounter</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_Utility" title="Disk Utility">Disk Utility</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Help_Viewer" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Help Viewer">Help Viewer</a></li>

<li><a href="Image_Capture" class="mw-redirect" title="Image Capture">Image Capture</a></li>

<li><a href="Installer_(macOS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Installer (macOS)">Installer</a></li>

<li><a href="Keychain_(software)" title="Keychain (software)">Keychain Access</a></li>

<li><a href="Migration_Assistant_(Apple)" class="mw-redirect" title="Migration Assistant (Apple)">Migration Assistant</a></li>

<li><a href="Script_Editor" class="mw-redirect" title="Script Editor">Script Editor</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Settings" title="System Settings">System Settings</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Information_(Mac)" class="mw-redirect" title="System Information (Mac)">System Information</a></li>

<li><a href="Terminal_(macOS)" title="Terminal (macOS)">Terminal</a></li>

<li><a href="Universal_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Access">Universal Access</a></li>

<li><a href="VoiceOver" title="VoiceOver">VoiceOver</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Network_Utility" class="mw-redirect" title="Network Utility">Network Utility</a></li>

<li><a href="ODBC_Administrator" class="mw-redirect" title="ODBC Administrator">ODBC Administrator</a></li>

<li><a href="Remote_Install_Mac_OS_X" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote Install Mac OS X">Remote Install Mac OS X</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Software_Update" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Software Update">Software Update</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technologies,<br><a href="User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="AirDrop" title="AirDrop">AirDrop</a></li>

<li><a href="AppKit" title="AppKit">AppKit</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_File_System" title="Apple File System">Apple File System</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_menu" title="Apple menu">Apple menu</a></li>

<li><a href="Apple_Push_Notification_service" title="Apple Push Notification service">Apple Push Notification service</a></li>

<li><a href="AppleScript" title="AppleScript">AppleScript</a></li>

<li><a href="Audio_Units" title="Audio Units">Audio Units</a></li>

<li><a href="AVFoundation" title="AVFoundation">AVFoundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Bonjour_(software)" title="Bonjour (software)">Bonjour</a></li>

<li><a href="Bundle_(macOS)" title="Bundle (macOS)">Bundle</a></li>

<li><a href="CloudKit" title="CloudKit">CloudKit</a></li>

<li><a href="Cocoa_(API)" title="Cocoa (API)">Cocoa</a></li>

<li><a href="ColorSync" title="ColorSync">ColorSync</a></li>

<li><a href="Command_key" title="Command key">Command key</a></li>

<li><a href="Core_Animation" title="Core Animation">Core Animation</a></li>

<li><a href="Core_Audio" title="Core Audio">Core Audio</a></li>

<li><a href="Core_Foundation" title="Core Foundation">Core Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Core_Image" title="Core Image">Core Image</a></li>

<li><a href="Core_OpenGL" title="Core OpenGL">Core OpenGL</a></li>

<li><a href="Core_Video" title="Core Video">Core Video</a></li>

<li><a href="Cover_Flow" title="Cover Flow">Cover Flow</a></li>

<li><a href="Darwin_(operating_system)" title="Darwin (operating system)">Darwin</a></li>

<li><a href="FileVault" title="FileVault">FileVault</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_typefaces_included_with_macOS" title="List of typefaces included with macOS">Fonts</a></li>

<li><a href="Foundation_Kit" title="Foundation Kit">Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Gatekeeper_(macOS)" title="Gatekeeper (macOS)">Gatekeeper</a></li>

<li><a href="Grand_Central_Dispatch" title="Grand Central Dispatch">Grand Central Dispatch</a></li>

<li><a href="ICloud" title="ICloud">iCloud</a></li>

<li><a href="Kernel_panic#macOS" title="Kernel panic">Kernel panic</a></li>

<li><a href="Keychain_(software)" title="Keychain (software)">Keychain</a></li>

<li><a href="Launchd" title="Launchd">launchd</a></li>

<li><a href="Liquid_Glass" title="Liquid Glass">Liquid Glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Menu_extra" title="Menu extra">Menu extra</a></li>

<li><a href="Metal_(API)" title="Metal (API)">Metal</a></li>

<li><a href="Mission_Control_(macOS)" title="Mission Control (macOS)">Mission Control</a></li>

<li><a href="Night_Shift_(software)" title="Night Shift (software)">Night Shift</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenCL" title="OpenCL">OpenCL</a></li>

<li><a href="Option_key" title="Option key">Option key</a></li>

<li><a href="Preference_Pane" class="mw-redirect" title="Preference Pane">Preference Pane</a></li>

<li><a href="Property_list" title="Property list">Property list</a></li>

<li><a href="Quartz_(graphics_layer)" title="Quartz (graphics layer)">Quartz</a></li>

<li><a href="Quick_Look" title="Quick Look">Quick Look</a></li>

<li><a href="Rosetta_(software)" title="Rosetta (software)">Rosetta</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_folder#macOS" title="Virtual folder">Smart Folders</a></li>

<li><a href="Speakable_items" title="Speakable items">Speakable items</a></li>

<li><a href="Spotlight_(Apple)" title="Spotlight (Apple)">Spotlight</a></li>

<li><a href="Stacks_(Mac_OS)" title="Stacks (Mac OS)">Stacks</a></li>

<li><a href="System_Integrity_Protection" title="System Integrity Protection">System Integrity Protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Uniform_Type_Identifier" title="Uniform Type Identifier">Uniform Type Identifier</a></li>

<li><a href="WebKit" title="WebKit">WebKit</a></li>

<li><a href="XQuartz" title="XQuartz">XQuartz</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deprecated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Discontinued</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Apple_Type_Services_for_Unicode_Imaging" title="Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging">ATSUI</a></li>

<li><a href="BootX_(Apple)" title="BootX (Apple)">BootX</a></li>

<li><a href="Brushed_metal_(interface)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brushed metal (interface)">Brushed metal</a></li>

<li><a href="Carbon_(API)" title="Carbon (API)">Carbon</a></li>

<li><a href="Classic_Environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic Environment">Classic Environment</a></li>

<li><a href="Inkwell_(Macintosh)" title="Inkwell (Macintosh)">Inkwell</a></li>

<li><a href="QuickTime" title="QuickTime">QuickTime</a></li>

<li><a href="Spaces_(software)" title="Spaces (software)">Spaces</a></li>

<li><a href="Xgrid" title="Xgrid">Xgrid</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><i>Italics</i> denote upcoming products.</li>

<li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-09-04" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Universal_binary&oldid=1243907015">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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